What is the 12-Factor App methodology?
The 12-Factor App is a methodology for building scalable and maintainable software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications.
It provides a set of guidelines for developing modern, cloud-native, and containerized applications. We believe this methodology to be of such high importance that every software should follow it.
At Peopleoid, we follow this methodology for every project we work on. In this story, we'll explain the 12 factors in a short, concise manner, so everyone can understand what it's about.
1. Codebase
- Maintain one codebase per application.
- Use a single, version-controlled code repository for your application even for multiple development environments.
2. Dependencies
- Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies.
- Have a clear and well-documented list of dependencies, and make sure they are isolated from the host system.
3. Config
- Store configuration in environment variables.
- Application configuration (such as credentials) should be stored as environment variables and therefore separated from code.
4. Backing Services
- Treat external services (such as databases, caches, etc.) as attached resources.
- Connect to them via URLs or environment variables.
5. Build, Release, Run
- Strictly separate the build, release, and run stages of the application.
- Use consistent and repeatable build processes.
6. Processes
- Execute the application as one or more stateless processes.
- Applications should be designed to be stateless and capable of horizontal scaling.
7. Port Binding
- Export services via port and communicate over the network.
- Applications should export services via a port-binding mechanism, making them self-contained and easy to deploy.
8. Concurrency
- Scale out via the process model.
- Applications should be designed to scale horizontally by adding more processes as needed.
9. Disposability
- Maximize robustness with fast startup and graceful shutdown.
- Applications should be able to terminate unneeded processes without impact.
10. Dev/Prod Parity
- Keep development, staging, and production environments as similar as possible.
- The goal is to minimize the differences between development and production environments to reduce issues when deploying.
11. Logs
- Treat logs as event streams.
- Write application logs to standard output and allow log aggregation.
12. Admin Processes
- Run administrative or management tasks as one-off processes.
- Administrative tasks should be executed as separate, one-off process, rather than building complex management interfaces into the application.
Conclusion
These factors are meant to guide developers in creating applications that are easy to deploy, maintain, and scale in modern cloud-based environments.
By following these principles, you can increase the resilience, maintainability, and scalability of your applications while making them more suitable for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) practices.
